Investigating the effects of Carpesii fructus extract on the liver transcriptome of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) as a potential antiparasitic agent.

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), a popular aquaculture species, is plagued by the disease scuticociliatosis caused by Miamiensis avidus, which has a high mortality rate and is typically treated with chemicals such as formalin and hydrogen peroxide. However, Carpesii fructus extract has shown potential as a natural therapeutic agent by reducing the motility of M. avidus. However, despite its potential importance, the effect of the extract on fish metabolism remains unknown. In this study, the effect of Carpesii fructus extract and formalin on fish metabolism was analysed by whole transcriptome analysis in the liver of P. olivaceus. A total of 37,796 transcripts were generated and differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified in the liver of P. olivaceus treated with Carpesii fructus extract or formalin. In addition, functional analysis of DEGs between treatment groups was presented using Gene Ontology. These results will be crucial for the study of scuticociliatosis in various fish species, including P. olivaceus, and for the development of therapeutic agents for other diseases.

Dataset for selection of stable reference genes for accurate quantitative gene expression analysis in silvertip tetra (Hasemania nana): Implications for sex differentiation and determination.

Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a widely used method for accurate quantitative gene expression analysis. For accurate quantitative verification of RT-qPCR, it is essential to select a reference gene with high expression stability depending on the experimental environment or the different tissues. In this study, we evaluated the stability of nine candidate reference genes, labeled elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1A), ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1-like isoform x2 (ERRFI), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), integrin beta2 like (ITGB2), phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein-like isoform x3 (PICALM), 60 s ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5), 60 s ribosomal protein L7 (RPL7), tubulin beta chain (TUBB), and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2A (UBE2A), in the brain (including pituitary gland) gonads and caudal fins of silvertip tetra (Hasemania nana) males and females. The stability evaluation of the reference gene was analyzed using a program based on the geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RankAggreg algorithms. As a result, RPL5 (brain, caudal fin), EF1A (gonad), and PICALM (three tissue types) genes were evaluated as the most stable genes in silvertip tetra females. In males, TUBB (brain, caudal fin) and ITGB2 (gonads, three tissue types) genes were the most stable, and in both sexes, TUBB (brain), ITGB2 (caudal fin), RPL5 (gonads), and PICALM (three tissue types) genes are considered appropriate as reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis. However, the GAPDH gene was judged to be inappropriate for use as a reference gene because gene stability in the brain, caudal fin, and gonads was evaluated to be low in all males and females. As an introductory study on silvertip tetra, a new research model fish, the results of this study are expected to provide helpful information regarding sex differentiation and determination in fish.

Antioxidant activities of thermally treated Sesamum indicum L. leaf extracts and their inhibitory effects against growth and metastatic properties of human colon cancer cells.

The study aimed to investigate antioxidant activities of two different thermally treated sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) leaf ethanol extract, steamed sesame leaf extract (SSLE) and roasted sesame leaf extract (RSLE), and their inhibitory effects on uncontrolled growth and increased metastatic properties in human colon cancer cell lines. Both SSLE and RSLE contained pedaliin as the major polyphenol and its aglycon, pedalitin, as a minor component and exhibited radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power. SSLE and RSLE decreased growth of HT29 and HCT116 colon cancer cells, which was attributed to the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at either G2/M (by SSLE in HCT116) or S phase (by RSLE in HCT116). Furthermore, SSLE and RSLE inhibited migration and adhesion in both cell lines. These results indicate that thermally treated sesame leaves retained pedaliin content and exhibited antioxidant activities and inhibitory activities against the growth and metastatic properties of colon cancer cells.

Hovenia dulcis Thunb. Fruit Extract Attenuates Psoriatic Skin Inflammation in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Stimulated Human Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells In Vitro.

Hovenia dulcis Thunb. fruit (HDF) is traditionally used for treating liver diseases and alcohol poisoning. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of HDF on hyperproliferation, levels of inflammatory cytokines, and signaling mechanisms in human psoriatic keratinocyte HaCaT cells. HDF showed a preventive effect on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced abnormal proliferation of psoriatic keratinocytes. Furthermore, real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that HDF suppressed the expressions of inflammatory cytokines; interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1ß and chemokines; CCL-20 and CXCL-8 in TNF-α-induced HaCaT cells. Western blotting revealed that HDF suppressed the levels of phosphorylated IκB and STAT3 together with a decline in the levels of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). These outcomes indicate that HDF prevents the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes and modulates inflammatory responses by suppressing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and STAT3 activation through downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway in TNF-α-induced psoriatic keratinocytes. Our study demonstrates that HDF is prospective and beneficial for psoriatic skin inflammation.

Endoscopic Resection for Gastric Adenocarcinoma of the Fundic Gland Type: A Case Series.

The fundic gland type (GA-FG) of gastric adenocarcinoma is a rare variant of gastric cancer recently included in the 5th edition of the World Health Organization's classification of digestive system tumors. Five patients with GA-FG underwent an endoscopic resection at our institution. None of the patients had a Helicobacter pylori infection. Four lesions were located in the upper third of the stomach, and one was in the lower third. Three lesions had a IIa shape, while two resembled a subepithelial tumor. An endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed in four patients and endoscopic mucosal resection in one. Tumor cells were composed of well-differentiated columnar cells mimicking fundic gland cells, and the median tumor size was 10 mm. Three lesions exhibited submucosal invasion. No lymphatic or venous invasion was observed. Tumor cells were positive for MUC6 in all five cases; one case was focally positive for MUC5AC. No recurrence was observed during a median follow-up period of 13 months. An endoscopic resection can be a safe treatment modality for GA-FG, considering its small size and low risk of recurrence or metastasis.

The Origin and Invasion Pathway of Brown Rats Rattus norvegicus on Dok-Do Island Revealed by Genome-Wide Markers from 3-RADseq Approach.

Biological invasions are known to cause local extinctions on islands. Dok-do, a small, remote volcanic island in the East Sea of Korea in the western Pacific, has recently been invaded by rats, posing ecological problems. To infer their origin and invasion pathway, we collected rats from Dok-do and from the potential introduction source locations, Ulleung-do in the Pacific Ocean, and four east coastal ports. First, we identified that the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) was the only rat species occurring at collecting sites based on the key morphological characteristics. To determine the population-level genetic diversity pattern, we applied the 3-RADseq approach. After a series of filtrations (minor allele frequency < 0.05, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium p < 1 × 10-7), 4042 SNPs were retained for the final dataset from the 25,439 SNPs initially isolated. The spatial structure and genetic diversity pattern of brown rats suggested that the rat population on Dok-do was likely introduced from Ulleung-do. Our work provides practical information that will assist in the management of invasive brown rats in vulnerable island ecosystems.

Sesquiterpenes from Artemisia princeps regulate inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Four sesquiterpenoids were isolated from an ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of A. princeps ethanolic extract: seco-tanapartholide B (5-epi-seco-tanapartholide A) (1), 4-epi-seco-tanapartholide A (2), 11,13-dehydrodesacetylmatricarin (3) and desacetylmatricarin (4). Compounds 1 - 3 dose-dependently inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. These compounds also decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 as well as mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1ß and tumour necrosis factor-α) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, compound 3 effectively enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in macrophages in the presence or absence of LPS. Additionally, the exocyclic methylene of α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety of compound 3 was found to be essential for the activation of the NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/HO-1 pathway. Here, we firstly report the isolation of compounds 3 and 4 from A. princeps and the anti-inflammatory activity of compound 3 by up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Colon Cancer Activities of Sesamum indicum L. Leaf Extract and Its Major Component, Pedaliin.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) leaves (SLs) are used as vegetables and traditional medicines in Asian and African countries. We investigated in vitro antioxidant and anti-colon cancer efficacy of ethanol extract of SL (SLE) and its major bioactive component. SLE contained appreciable amount of major classes of antioxidant phytochemicals, such as total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and carotenoids, and correspondingly exhibited antioxidant activities, such as radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). A cell viability assay showed that SLE time- and dose-dependently attenuated the growth of human colon cancer cells, HT29 and HCT116. Flow cytometry analysis showed that SLE increased sub-G1 (in HT29 and HCT116) and G2/M (in HCT116) cell populations, suggesting that the growth inhibition by SLE was due to induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Trans-well and wound-healing assays showed that SLE alleviated invasion and migration of HT29 and HCT116 cells in non-cytotoxic conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that pedaliin (6-hydroxylueolin 7-methyl ether 6-glucoside; pedalitin-6-O-glucoside) was a major constituent of SLE. Moreover, FRAP, growth-inhibitory, anti-invasive, and anti-migratory activities of pedaliin were found. These results demonstrated that SLE possesses in vitro antioxidant and anti-colon cancer activities and that pedaliin is a major component contributing to such activities.

Molecular characterization of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) gene transcript variant mRNA of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in response to salinity or temperature changes.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is an osmosensory cation channel that respond to an increase in cell volume and participates in various physiological functions. Among organisms in aquatic environments, euryhaline teleost is are suitable experimental models to study ion channel proteins related to physiological functions involving osmosensing. Among the studies of various regulatory molecules that mediate osmotic regulation in fish, however, information is lacking, particularly on the TRP family. This study investigated the structural characteristics of theTRPV4 gene of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and their responses to changes in salinity and temperature. Interestingly, TRPV4 generates transcript variants of the intron-retention form through alternative splicing, resulting in a frameshift leading to the generation of transcripts of different structures. In particular, TRPV4 x1 and TRPV x2 mRNAs were predominant in the gill and skin including at the lateral line. The expression levels of chum salmon TRPV4 x1 were significantly increased with increase in salinity and temperature, whereas TRPV4 x2 mainly responded to temperature decrease. Overall, these results demonstrate for the first time the effects of salinity and temperature on the expression of two salmonid TRPV4 transcript variants, suggesting their contribution to the regulation of hydromineral balance.

Psycho-Electrophysiological Benefits of Forest Therapies Focused on Qigong and Walking with Elderly Individuals.

We developed two distinct forest therapy programs (FTPs) and compared their effects on dementia prevention and related health problems for older adults. One was focused on Qigong practice in the forest (QP) and the other involved active walking in the forest (WP). Both FTPs consisted of twelve 2-h sessions over six weeks and were conducted in an urban forest. We obtained data from 25, 18, and 26 participants aged 65 years or above for the QP, WP, and control groups, respectively. Neuropsychological scores via cognition (MoCA), geriatric depression (GDS) and quality of life (EQ-5D), and electrophysiological variables (electroencephalography, bioimpedance, and heart rate variability) were measured. We analyzed the intervention effects with a generalized linear model. Compared to the control group, the WP group showed benefits in terms of neurocognition (increases in the MoCA score, and alpha and beta band power values in the electroencephalogram), sympathetic nervous activity, and bioimpedance in the lower body. On the other hand, the QP group showed alleviated depression and an increased bioimpedance phase angle in the upper body. In conclusion, both active walking and Qigong in the forest were shown to have distinctive neuropsychological and electrophysiological benefits, and both had beneficial effects in terms of preventing dementia and relieving related health problems for elderly individuals.

Role of Commensal Microbes in the γ-Ray Irradiation-Induced Physiological Changes in Drosophila melanogaster.

Ionizing radiation induces biological/physiological changes and affects commensal microbes, but few studies have examined the relationship between the physiological changes induced by irradiation and commensal microbes. This study investigated the role of commensal microbes in the γ-ray irradiation-induced physiological changes in Drosophila melanogaster. The bacterial load was increased in 5 Gy irradiated flies, but irradiation decreased the number of operational taxonomic units. The mean lifespan of conventional flies showed no significant change by irradiation, whereas that of axenic flies was negatively correlated with the radiation dose. γ-Ray irradiation did not change the average number of eggs in both conventional and axenic flies. Locomotion of conventional flies was decreased after 5 Gy radiation exposure, whereas no significant change in locomotion activity was detected in axenic flies after irradiation. γ-Ray irradiation increased the generation of reactive oxygen species in both conventional and axenic flies, but the increase was higher in axenic flies. Similarly, the amounts of mitochondria were increased in irradiated axenic flies but not in conventional flies. These results suggest that axenic flies are more sensitive in their mitochondrial responses to radiation than conventional flies, and increased sensitivity leads to a reduced lifespan and other physiological changes in axenic flies.

CO2 Separation with Polymer/Aniline Composite Membranes.

Polymer composite membranes containing aniline were prepared for CO2/N2 separation. Aniline was selected for high separation performance as an additive containing both the benzene ring to interfere with gas transport and an amino group that could induce the accelerated transport of CO2 molecules. As a result, when aniline having both a benzene ring and an amino group was incorporated into polymer membranes, the selectivity was largely enhanced by the role of both gas barriers and CO2 carriers. Selective layers coated on the polysulfone were identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and the interaction with aniline in the polymer matrix was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The binding energy of oxygen in the polymer matrix was investigated by XPS, and the thermal stability of the composite membrane was confirmed by TGA.

Mechanism for Transition of Reverse Cylindrical Micelles to Spherical Micelles Induced by Diverse Alcohols.

Herein, the effects of various alcohols on lecithin/CaCl2 organogels are investigated. Mixtures of lecithin and CaCl2 form reverse cylindrical micelles, resulting in optically transparent organogels. The addition of various alcohols to a mixture of lecithin and CaCl2 induces a decrease in viscosity through which reverse cylindrical micelles are transformed into spherical micelles (or short cylindrical micelles). Long-hydrocarbon-chain alcohols decrease the viscosity of lecithin/CaCl2 mixtures more efficiently. Hydrogen bonding and hydrocarbon chain interactions between lecithin and alcohol play important roles in the morphological transition. More importantly, isothermal titration calorimetry was conducted to obtain thermodynamic variables such as the enthalpy, equilibrium constant, Gibbs free energy, entropy, and stoichiometry of the associated molecules observed in the transition. It was found that the transition is an entropically driven process, in which the endothermic and exothermic behaviors were observed depending on the hydrocarbon chain length in the alcohol. In addition, the enthalpy for the association of the alcohol with lecithin showed a linear relationship depending on the hydrocarbon chain length, in which the magnitude of hydrogen bonding and hydrocarbon chain interactions was obtained quantitatively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the thermodynamic properties of the morphological transition observed in a reverse self-assembly process.

Z-Ajoene Inhibits Growth of Colon Cancer by Promotion of CK1α Dependent ß-Catenin Phosphorylation.

Aberrant activation of a Wnt/ß-catenin pathway results in nuclear accumulation of ß-catenin in colon cancer. Inhibiting ß-catenin is one strategy for treating colon cancer. Here, we identified Z-ajoene, a sulfur containing compound isolated from crushed garlic, as an inhibitor of colon cancer cell growth. Z-Ajoene repressed ß-catenin response transcriptional activity, intracellular ß-catenin levels, and its representative target protein levels (c-Myc and cyclin D1) in SW480 colon cancer cells. To clarify the regulatory mechanism of decreased ß-catenin levels, we examined the effect of Z-ajoene on ß-catenin phosphorylation, which is involved in ß-catenin degradation. Z-Ajoene promoted the phosphorylation of ß-catenin at Ser45 in a casein kinase 1α (CK1α)-dependent manner, which is an essential step in ß-catenin degradation in the cytosol. These findings indicate that Z-ajoene from garlic may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent by modulating CK1α activity and the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

Comparative transcriptome profiling of selected osmotic regulatory proteins in the gill during seawater acclimation of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) fry.

Salmonid fishes, chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) have the developed adaptive strategy to withstand wide salinity changes from the early life stage. This study investigated gene expression patterns of cell membrane proteins in the gill of chum salmon fry on the transcriptome level by tracking the salinity acclimation of the fish in changing environments ranging from freshwater (0 ppt) to brackish water (17.5 ppt) to seawater (35 ppt). Using GO analysis of DEGs, the known osmoregulatory genes and their functional groups such as ion transport, transmembrane transporter activity and metal ion binding were identified. The expression patterns of membrane protein genes, including pump-mediated protein (NKA, CFTR), carrier-mediated protein (NKCC, NHE3) and channel-mediated protein (AQP) were similar to those of other salmonid fishes in the smolt or adult stages. Based on the protein-protein interaction analysis between transmembrane proteins and other related genes, we identified osmotic-related genes expressed with salinity changes and analyzed their expression patterns. The findings of this study may facilitate the disentangling of the genetic basis of chum salmon and better able an understanding of the osmophysiology of the species.

The Efficacy of Ultrasonic Bone Scalpel for Unilateral Cervical Open-Door Laminoplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: In cervical open-door laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy, a high-speed rotatory drill and rongeurs are used to make unicortical troughs and bicortical openings in the laminae. The lamina is reflected at the trough to enlarge the spinal canal, followed by bone healing on the hinge side to stabilize laminoplasty. The ultrasonic bone scalpel (UBS) has been used due to theoretical advantages including a better hinge union rate, less soft tissue trauma, less neurological injury, and shorter operative time. OBJECTIVE: To assess the superiority of UBS for hinge union compared to the drill through randomized controlled trial. METHODS: In 190 randomly allocated cervical myelopathy patients, the trough and opening at the lamina were made using either the drill (n = 95) or UBS (n = 95) during 2015 to 2018. The primary outcome was the hinge union rate on 6-mo postoperative computed tomography. Secondary outcomes included the hinge union rate at 12 mo, the operative time, intraoperative/postoperative bleeding, neurological injury, complications, and clinical outcomes over a 24-mo follow-up. RESULTS: Hinge union in all laminae was achieved in 60.0% (drill) and 43.9% (UBS) of patients at 6 mo (intention-to-treat analysis; P = .02; odds ratio, 2.1) and in 91.9% (drill) and 86.5% (UBS) at 12 mo. Dural injury only occurred in the drill group (2.1%), and the UBS group showed significantly less intraoperative bleeding (P < .01). The other secondary outcomes did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION: The hinge union rate was inferior in the UBS group at 6 mo postoperatively, but UBS was efficacious in reducing dural injuries and bleeding.

Comparative analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes with Cerithioidea and molecular phylogeny of the freshwater snail, Semisulcospira gottschei (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea).

In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mt genome) of Semisulcospira gottschei for the first time and then compared it with the mt genome of species belonging to Cerithioidea. The mt genome consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and non-coding region with a total length of 16,101 bp. The type of constitutive genes and the direction of the coding strand which appeared in the mt genome were the same as the ones observed in Cerithioidea except for the tRNA-Q and tRNA-R positions. The S. gottschei mt genome had a non-coding region with an AT-rich loop between tRNA-F and tRNA-C regions. In regard to molecular phylogeny, two types of analysis were performed to confirm the introgressive hybridization of S. gottschei and to identify the phylogenetic location among the species in Caenogastropoda. As a result, S. gottschei used in this study belonged to the same clade as other non-introgressed S. gottschei. As for the molecular phylogenic analysis of species belonging to Caenogastropoda, S. gottschei was found to be the closest to S. coreana taxonomically and to be included in Cerithioidea.

Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from Atractylodes macrocephala.

In relation to anti-inflammatory agents from medicinal plants, we have isolated three compounds from Atractylodes macrocephala; 1, 2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl]-6-methyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1, 4-dione; 2, 1-acetoxy-tetradeca-6E,12E-diene-8, 10-diyne-3-ol; 3, 1,3-diacetoxy-tetradeca-6E, 12E-diene-8, 10-diyne. Compounds 1-3 showed concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that compounds 1-3 suppressed the protein and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Furthermore, compounds 1-3 inhibited transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The most active compound among them, compound 1, could reduce the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α) and suppress the phosphorylation of MAPK including p38, JNK, and ERK1/2. Taken together, these results suggest that compounds 1-3 from A. macrocephala can be therapeutic candidates to treat inflammatory diseases.

CD133+/C-kit+Lin- endothelial progenitor cells in fetal circulation demonstrate impaired differentiation potency in severe preeclampsia.

OBJECTIVES: Individuals delivered from preeclamptic pregnancies exhibit a long-term increased risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, likely caused by aberrant fetal cell reprogramming incurred in utero. The present study investigated the functional impairment and epigenetic changes exhibited by endothelial progenitor cells derived from offspring born to preeclamptic pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: The capacity of CD133+/C-kit+/Lin- (CKL-) human umbilical cord blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) derived from gestationally matched normal and preeclamptic (n = 10 each) pregnancies to differentiate to form outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) was assessed by observing both their morphology, and the number and size of generated OECs colonies. Likewise, OECs angiogenic function was evaluated via migration, adhesion, and tube-formation assays. EPCs from preeclampsia were cultured in normal-, and preeclampsia-derived serum-conditioned media to assess the effects of environmental factors on EPC differentiation potency and OEC angiogenic function, and finally, EPCs H3K4, H3K9, and H3K27 trimethylation levels were assayed. RESULTS: The preeclampsia-derived CKL- EPCs exhibited decreased H3K4 and H3K9 trimethylation levels, significantly delayed differentiation times, and a significant reduction in both their number of generated OECs colonies, and exhibited reduced OECs migration, adhesion, and tube formation activities compared to those achieved by the normal-derived EPCs. Interestingly, the reduced differentiation potency of the preeclampsia-derived EPCs was not rescued via exposure to normal serum. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to preeclampsia significantly and irreversibly reduced CKL- EPC differentiation potency and OEC angiogenic function, likely reflecting incurred irreversible epigenetic changes.

Longitudinal interaction between APOA5 -1131T>C and overweight in the acceleration of age-related increase in arterial stiffness through the regulation of circulating triglycerides.

We aimed to evaluate whether the longitudinal interaction between APOA5-1131C variants and overweight could accelerate age-related increases in arterial stiffness and circulating triglycerides in healthy subjects. This 3-year prospective cohort study included 503 healthy subjects. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), triglycerides, APOA5 -1131T > C, apolipoprotein (apo) A-V level, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size were measured at baseline and within a mean follow-up period of 3 years. At the 3-year follow-up, in the overweight group, subjects with the C allele showed increases in triglycerides and baPWV relative to baseline. Additionally, in the overweight group, there was a genotype effect on changes in triglycerides: subjects with the C allele had greater increases in triglyceride concentrations than subjects with the TT genotype. Furthermore, overweight subjects with the C allele had greater increases in triglyceride concentrations than normal-weight subjects with the C allele (P-interaction = 0.013). Overweight subjects with the C allele had greater increases in baPWV than normal-weight subjects with the C allele (P-interaction = 0.047). Changes in baPWV were affected by age, baseline baPWV, and changes in systolic blood pressure (BP) and triglycerides. Changes in triglycerides were affected by APOA5 -1131T > C genotype, age, baseline triglyceride level, and changes in BMI and apo A-V. In the overweight group, changes in baPWV were affected by changes in systolic BP, LDL particle size, and triglycerides. This prospective study shows that the interactive effect between APOA5 -1131C variants and overweight can accelerate age-related increase in arterial stiffness via the regulation of circulating triglycerides in healthy subjects.